Rinoplasty is a special surgical operation, which is performed to correct congenital or acquired nasal defects, as well as a total increase in the missing parts of the nose.
The rhinoplasty operation lies in the fact that the surgeon changes the nasal parameters by invasion of the nasal bone-chryashny frame.
The main task of such an operation is to return the correct shape of the nose to a person who was violated even before birth, due to the diseases or through the acquired nose injury.
Types of rhinoplasty
Today, the world use such types of rinoplasty of the nose:
- septoplasty;
- closed rhinoplasty;
- open rhinoplasty;
- rhinoplasty on secondary conduct;
- rhinoplasty without surgery;
- rhinoplasty when using fillers;
- rhinoplasty using special auxiliary drugs;
- Rinoplasty using Aptos threads.
Septoplasty
Septoplasty is a surgical intervention that sets itself the task of eliminating defects in the nasal septum - the displacement of cartilage and bones, which interfere with normal functions and the aesthetic type of nose.
Indications for septoplasty for humans:
- constant nasal congestion for no apparent reason;
- snore;
- nasal development defects, or nasal partitions;
- constant or periodic nasal bleeding;
- the presence of chronic sinusitis;
- general deformation of the nose;
- The consequence of the injury of the nose that prevents the normal respiratory function.
Contraindications to septoplasty:
- the presence of diabetes;
- too much distortion of the nasal septum;
- The presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Closed rhinoplasty
Closed rhinoplasty as an operation is more easily tolerated by a patient than open rhinoplasty. This procedure is carried out by endonasal access to the nose, that is, the cuts are made directly inside the nose.
This operation has a number of advantages for the patient, but it is extremely inconvenient for the surgeon, since it is easier for any surgeon to conduct surgery on a well -accessible operating field. Accordingly, in closed rhinoplastics there is much more chances to get a medical error, as a result of which complications or other problems in the patient may occur.
Advantages of closed rhinoplasty:
- The duration of the operation is much less compared to open rhinoplasty;
- nasal tissues are not cut on the surface of the nose and the cuts of smaller size themselves;
- less likely to the appearance of scars;
- smaller edema after surgery;
- The result of the operation is visible a few days earlier.
Indications for closed rhinoplasty:
- aesthetic (curve, ugly shape of the nose, deformation of the nose, etc. );
- medical (nose injury, shortness of breathing due to the incorrect structure of the nose).
Contraindications to this type of operation:
- the presence of mental illness in the patient;
- inadequacy of the desires of the final result of the patient;
- the presence of diseases in which any rhinoplasty is contraindicated;
- The patient’s implementation of several unsuccessful rhinoplastics earlier, which greatly deformed the soft tissues of the nose.
Since closed rhinoplasty is a rather complicated operation, after its conduct, the patient may have the following complications:
- inflammation of the nasal tissue;
- the formation of scars (rarely);
- the formation of pigmentation on the skin, which can remain forever;
- hemorrhage;
- nasal bleeding;
- swelling or hematomas around the nose;
- Incorrect nasal form, which will require a secondary operation.
Open rhinoplasty
Open rhinoplasty, unlike a closed one, is carried out with a small cut, with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm. Thanks to such a barely visible section, the skin of the nose can be completely raised and then the surgeon will be much more convenient to work with an open skeleton of the nose, because he will see in front of him the entire external structure of this organ, unlike closed rhinoplasty. This greatly reduces the chances of a surgical mistake.
In addition, open rhinoplasty is recommended for the primary operation, since it can more accurately eliminate all the existing nose defects, unlike closed rhinoplasty, which can not always guarantee the same result.
Rinoplasty on secondary conduct
Secondary rhinoplasty is carried out if the primary was unsuccessful and it is necessary to correct the complications. It can be carried out both open and closed.
Rinoplasty without surgery
Rinoplasty without surgery is carried out only in 4-7 % of patients who can do without surgery. With its help, only minor nose defects can be corrected. More serious problems in the structure and appearance of the nose require only a complete rhinoplasty operation.
Rinoplasty when using fillers
This procedure is carried out if the patient wants to eliminate only minor nose defects. For example, these can be various minor disadvantages, flaws, expansion of the tip of the nose, the incorrectness of its symmetry, etc. In these cases, doctors use special fillers that are introduced into the tissue of the nose and they correct the problem.
The advantages of this method are that the restoration of the nose after it is much easier, and the procedure itself is not as painful as ordinary surgical intervention.
The disadvantages of rhinoplasty using fillers are a change in the structure of the nasal tissue and the possible "migration" on the surface of the nose of the administered drug.
Rhinoplasty using special auxiliary drugs
To carry out such a procedure, surgeons use special drugs based on hormones that are introduced into defective nasal zones.
The advantage of such rhinoplasty is that the patient is not subjected to surgical intervention. But a large disadvantage of such rhinoplasty is that with the improper calculation of the dose of the drug and its introduction into the wrong area on the nose, the patient may have various complications and deterioration of defects.
Rhinoplasty using threads
This procedure is carried out using threads with which doctors pull the nose and nose wings. These threads stand through special punctures on the nose and, as it were, pull up their nose.
Rinoplasty using threads is not very often used by surgeons, since it has a number of disadvantages:
- After the procedure, there is a great probability of the formation of scars;
- the occurrence of contouring and the ugly type of nose in "points";
- The high probability of a break in the threads, because the nose is very mobile in its structure, which provides for the unreliability of this procedure.
Pros and cons of rhinoplasty
The pluses of rhinoplasty:
- satisfaction with its appearance after surgery;
- the complete elimination of any defects in a successfully performed procedure;
- Improving breathing in its preoperative disorders.
Cons of rhinoplasty:
- the possibility of acquiring infection;
- loss of nose sensitivity;
- bleeding;
- unsuccessfully conducted operation, complications;
- deterioration in the appearance of the nose and dissatisfaction with the end result.
Indications and contraindications
If a person has congenital nasal defects, but he can conduct rhinoplasty with the onset of adulthood. In general, the age of 18 to 40 years is considered the most suitable age for this procedure, when the body is already formed and a person makes a balanced decision.
Indications for rhinoplasty:
- the presence of a hump on the nose;
- congenital nasal defects;
- nasal defects acquired by injuries;
- violation or complete impossibility of breathing with his nose;
- nostrils of too wide volume;
- The nose is too long;
- Nose in the form of a crumpled saddle;
- Nose of hook -like addition;
- too thick nose;
- Too sharp nose.
Contraindications to rhinoplasty:
- human minority (if the injury was acquired as a child, then the procedure is possible in premature lines);
- age after fortieth anniversary (since after this age, a person has a risk of all kinds of complications and worsens the healing process of wounds);
- the presence of diabetes mellitus;
- all kinds of kidney or liver diseases;
- problems with blood coagulation of the patient;
- serious heart disease and blood vessels;
- acute viral diseases;
- the presence of oncological diseases;
- the presence of mental disorders;
- If there are no nasal defects and rhinoplasty is simply not required.
Preparation for rhinoplasty
Since rhinoplasty is a full -fledged operation, for some time before it, the patient should do the following:
- Undergo a full examination for the presence of cardiovascular diseases.
- Pass the examinations and take advice from the therapist, neuropathologist, Laura, anesthetist, surgeon who will conduct the operation, etc.
- To discuss with the surgeon all the possible consequences of the operation and determine the future form of the nose, width, etc. also need to discuss the type of anesthesia with an anesthesiologist, which he will use during the operation.
- Pass all the necessary tests.
Carrying out operations - stages
Rinoplasty is carried out in these stages:
- the patient is administered anesthesia;
- additional anesthesia is carried out;
- After that, the surgeon makes an incision on the lower shell of the nose and begins directly to his work (such surgical intervention can be both closed and open type);
- The surgeon adjusts all the defects of the nose, corrects irregularities, humps, etc. , depending on the specific problem of the patient;
- If necessary, he can replace the carts that are missing in the nose from his other zones or implant artificial cartilage;
- Upon completion of the operation, the surgeon sews up his nose and imposes a fixing bandage.
Depending on the level of complexity and the course of the procedure, the rhinoplasty operation can last from 50 minutes to 2 hours. It should also be mentioned that the nose after surgery may be subjected to independent changes in the form of improvements or deteriorations.
All this will depend on the patient, his compliance with medical recommendations and directly, the results of the operation itself, which will be visible only after 6-8 months.
Rehabilitation period
After rhinoplasty, on the nose and around its region, as a vaccine, swelling and hematomas are formed, which usually go in two weeks. After surgery, a special fixing bandage is applied to the patient’s nose, which must be worn within ten days. Tampons will also be inserted into the nose, which will prevent bleeding, so that for some time the patient will not be able to breathe nose.
The result of the operation can be evaluated in six months, and the final result is in a year. The delay of wounds after surgery depends on each person individually and the state of his vitality. If complications are observed after the operation, then the healing lines can increase significantly.
After rhinoplasty, it is desirable to visit his surgeon to conduct inspections of the nose after rhinoplasty.
Recommendations before and after surgery
Before the operation, the patient follows:
- abandon all bad habits (alcohol, fatty foods, etc. );
- A few days before surgery, medication and products are prohibited, which provoke a decrease in blood coagulation in the body.
After surgery, the patient needs to comply with the following requirements:
- In the first months after rhinoplasty, one cannot get involved in sports (gymnastics, running, etc. );
- It is undesirable to swim;
- Do not eat too hungry or hot food, in order to avoid bleeding;
- wash carefully, without touching the nose and zones around him;
- avoid a sharp change in facial facial facial expressions;
- Wear the clothes that do not need to be removed over the head.
Possible complications after surgery
After rhinoplasty or during the procedure itself, the following complications may occur:
- Allergy to anesthesia.
- Abundant nasal bleeding.
- The edema of the nose zone (in the first weeks after the procedure), which can interfere with normal nasal breathing.
- Swelling on the face (in the eyes, cheeks and other parts of the face).
- The occurrence of hematomas on the face.
- Reducing the sensitivity of the skin of the nose or its absolute loss for a while.
- The risk of infection infection.
- Big scars may form, to eliminate which another operation will be needed.
- Difficult breathing after surgery (depending on the type of operation and procedures). Which will be carried out with nasal cartilage.
- The occurrence of the absence of smell or its partial loss.
- Stretching of the skin or loss of its flexibility (occurs with excessive cutting cartilage in the nose).
- Narrow tissue.
- The formation of age spots or the manifestation of blood vessels on the skin of the face.
- Fatal outcome with anaphylactic shock.
- Patient dissatisfaction with the final result of the procedure.
- Unsuccessful course of the procedure through the fault of the surgeon.
Results
The first results of the operation will be visible after 10-14 days. But the patient can see the final result only after 8-10 months, when all the numerous edema and bruises will leave and the fabrics will "lay down" on the new nose.
It often happens that relatives and friends do not notice significant changes in the appearance of the patient after surgery. Since hematomas and swelling will drown out the entire result. In this case, the patient does not need to immediately run to repeated rhinoplasty, but it should only be expected when the face comes to the usual form and then evaluate the final result.
Also, it should be indicated that rhinoplasty does not give a genetic effect and will not be transmitted by the clan for children, as some patients can consider. This operation improves only the appearance of a person.